Databases, Systems & Networks

Using the same password on different servers allows attackers to access your accounts if cracker manage to steal your password from a less secure server. This is true for online website accounts too. So solution is to create unique passwords for server accounts like your email, sftp and ssh accounts. General guideline to create a strong and unique password is as follows:

Creating a strong and unique password for Linux or Unix-like systems

1. Create a password with mix of numbers, special symbols, and alphabets.
2. Make sure your password is hard to guess. You can use tool such as makepasswd to create hard to guess password.
3. Do not use simple words like « password« , « 123456« , « 123abc » or « qwerty« .
4. Use a unique password for all your server accounts.
5. A minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters should be used. See how to configure CentOS / RHEL / Fedora Linux based server password quality requirements.
6. Generating passwords randomly where feasible. You can do this with a simple shell scriptfunction.
7. If possible use two-factor authentication.
8. Use pam_crack to ensure strong passwords and to check passwords against a dictionary attack.

But, how do you test the effectiveness of a password in resisting guessing and brute-force attacks under Linux? The answer is simple use cracklib-check command.

Install cracklib on a Linux based system

Type the following yum command to install on RHEL and friends:
# yum install cracklib

Type the following apt-get command to install on Debian/Ubuntu and friends:
# apt-get install libcrack2

Say hello to cracklib-check

This command takes a list of passwords from keyboard (stdin) and checks them using libcrack2. The idea is simple: try to prevent users from choosing passwords that could be guessed by « crack » by filtering them out, at source.

Examples

Test a simple password like « password », enter:
$ echo "password" | cracklib-check

Sample outputs:

password: it is based on a dictionary word

Try sequential patterns such as « abc123456 »:
$ echo "abc123456" | cracklib-check

Sample outputs:

abc123456: it is too simplistic/systematic

Try a password with a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols:
$ echo 'i1oVe|DiZza' | cracklib-check

Sample outputs:

i1oVe|DiZza: OK

The above password increases the difficulty of guessing or cracking your password. I used a random phrase (easy to remember) « I Love Pizza » and inserted random characters to create a strong hard to guess password – « i1oVe|DiZza« .

Putting it all together

#!/bin/bash
# A sample shell script to add user to the system
# Check password for strength 
# Written by Vivek Gite under GPL v2.x 
# ----------------------------------------------
read -p "Enter username : " user
read -sp "Enter password : " password
echo
echo "Testing password strength..."
echo
result="$(cracklib-check <<<"$password")"
# okay awk is  bad choice but this is a demo 
okay="$(awk -F': ' '{ print $2}' <<<"$result")"
if [[ "$okay" == "OK" ]]
then
	echo "Adding a user account please wait..."
	/sbin/useradd -m -s /bin/bash $user
	echo "$user:$password" | /sbin/chpasswd
else
	echo "Your password was rejected - $result"
        echo "Try again."
fi

A note about password manager

A reasonable compromise for using large numbers of passwords is to record them in a password manager, which include stand-alone applications, web browser extensions, or a manager built into the operating system. See how to install gpass – an easy to use and secure password manager for GNOME2 under RHEL / CentOS / Fedora Linux desktop. gpass stores all your password in an encrypted (Blowfish) file, protected by a master-password.

Source: nixCraft